An intrauterine device (IUD) is a long-acting reversible contraception method. It is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, lasts for years and is easy to use. If you want to get pregnant or if you want to stop using it, you can have it removed at any time.

What is an IUD (intrauterine device)?

An IUD is a small, T-shaped plastic device that is inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. It has a plastic thread that extends into the vagina and is used to remove the IUD when desired. Once implanted into the uterus, the tail will be trimmed to extend just an inch into the vagina.

What are the types of IUDs?

There are two types of IUDs available in the United States: the copper IUD and the hormonal IUD.

• The copper IUD contains a small amount of copper. It works by interfering with sperm mobility which prevents fertilization, and by changing the lining of the uterus so that a fertilized egg cannot implant. The copper IUD can be used as emergency contraception if it is inserted within five days of unprotected sex! It is also a good option for women with certain medical conditions who can’t use the hormonal IUD.
• The hormonal IUD releases a small amount of progestin, a hormone that is like the hormone progesterone. The hormonal IUD works by thickening the mucus around the cervix, which makes it difficult for sperm to enter the uterus to meet up with the egg; and by thinning the lining of the uterus, it makes it less likely a fertilized egg can implant; and by stopping ovulation.

What are the benefits?

• IUDs are safe and effective birth control for women of all ages.
• IUDs are easy to use. Once implanted they are effective for years.
• If you decide you don’t want an IUD anymore, it can be removed whenever you want. When removed, your fertility returns to normal.
• IUDs are very good for women to use immediately after having a baby.
• IUDs don’t interfere with sex.
• You can use a tampon with an IUD.
• IUDs don’t interfere with breast feeding.
• If you want to get pregnant, it can be removed and you can begin trying right away.
• IUDs can be used as emergency contraception and can be effective for 8 – 12 years.
• Copper and Hormonal IUDs are more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy.
• Hormone IUDs have been shown to decrease menstrual pain and heavy bleeding over time. They also help to manage endometriosis and polycystic ovarian syndrome.

What are the disadvantages?

• Hormonal IUDs can cause spotting, irregular periods, and cramping. As your body adjusts in 3-6 months these side effects should disappear.
• Copper IUDs can make your period more painful for the first six months after insertion, but this should improve when your body adapts. Severe cramping may indicate the IUD has been displaced. If this happens you should contact Dr. Patel.
• IUDs do not protect you from sexually transmitted infections.

How long do IUDs last?

Hormonal IUDs all work alike but last for different lengths of time. Generally, hormonal IUDs last 6 years and copper IUDs last for up to 10 years.

What is the procedure to implant an IUD?

The IUD is implanted during your cycle so long as you are not pregnant. Dr. Patel will require a negative pregnancy test before implantation. If you are at risk for an STI you may need a negative test before placement. Placement will be uncomfortable temporarily. OTC pain medication can help when taken before or after the procedure.

Dr. Patel will load the IUD into an applicator tube, which is inserted through the cervix. Then she will release the IUD, the arms will open, and the tube will be removed. In some circumstances Dr. Patel may use topical anesthesia. After insertion, you should wait 24 hours before intercourse or inserting anything into your vagina.

When do they become effective?

The copper IUD is effective immediately. The hormone IUD takes about 7 days to become effective, unless you have it inserted during your period. Then it works immediately. 

What is the procedure to remove an IUD?

Dr. Patel will gently pull the string and the IUD will fold up and slip out. Cramping during removal is normal. An IUD is a small and effective device to prevent pregnancy. It is more than 99% effective, and it is completely reversible.

Dr. Dwaita Patel is a board-certified obstetrician and gynecologist at City OB+GYN in New York City, and a fellow of the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FACOG). She specializes in women’s health, and the full scope gynecological services, including routine exams, contraceptive counseling, breast and ovarian cancer screenings, osteoporosis screening, premenstrual syndrome management and more.

Dr. Patel is smart and kind and finds great joy and fulfillment in her work. She offers the full scope of obstetrics including pre-pregnancy, prenatal, labor and delivery and postpartum care for low and high-risk patients. She also offers medical treatments and minimally invasive surgery for gynecologic conditions. All deliveries and major surgeries are performed at Tisch Hospital/NYU Langone Medical Center in Manhattan. Contact her to schedule a consultation today.