What is perinatal depression?

Perinatal depression is a type of depression that can occur during pregnancy or within the twelve months after giving birth. It is a mood disorder that affects a woman’s emotional, behavioral, and physical health during and after pregnancy. When it begins during pregnancy it may also be called prenatal depression. When it occurs after childbirth it is called postnatal depression. Depression and anxiety commonly occur together.

Dr. Patel screens her obstetric patients at least once during the perinatal period for depression and anxiety, and again during the postnatal period to ensure emotional well-being. Screening is a covered medical expense. She is also prepared to initiate medical therapy where indicated and refer you to a qualified mental health professional. Studies report that counseling during pregnancy and the postpartum period are effective in preventing perinatal depression in some women.

Symptoms of perinatal depression range from mild to severe and can make it challenging for the pregnant woman to care for herself and others. It is estimated that about 10-20% of women experience perinatal depression during or after pregnancy.

Perinatal depression can affect any mother, regardless of age, education, race, income or culture. Treatment may include therapy, medication, or a combination of both. With proper care, perinatal depression can be managed and treated effectively.

What causes perinatal depression?

Perinatal depression is not caused by something the mother has done or not done. There is no single cause. Rather it is believed to be the result of a combination of physical and emotional factors. Some of the factors that may contribute to perinatal depression include:

1. Hormonal changes: During pregnancy and after giving birth, there are significant hormonal changes that occur in a woman’s body, which can affect her mood and emotional well-being.
2. Genetics: Perinatal depression may also have a genetic component, as studies have shown that it can run in families.
3. Stress: Pregnancy and childbirth can be physically and psychologically stressful. Caring for a new baby and other children can be extremely challenging. and can lead to feelings of anxiety and depression.
4. History of depression: Women who have a personal history of depression, including prior perinatal depression or bipolar disorder, or a family history of depression or bipolar disorder are more likely to experience perinatal depression.
5. Lack of support: Social support from friends, family, and healthcare providers is important during pregnancy and after childbirth. Women who lack social support may be more at risk for developing perinatal depression.
6. Other life stressors: Other life stressors, such as financial problems or relationship difficulties, can also contribute to perinatal depression.

It’s important to note that perinatal depression can happen to anyone, regardless of age, race, or socioeconomic status.

What are the symptoms of perinatal depression?

Perinatal depression can range in severity from mild to severe. The severity of perinatal depression can vary depending on factors such as the individual’s personal circumstances, the extent of support they have, and the extent of their depression symptoms.

Common symptoms include:

1. Persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness
2. Frequent crying or weepiness
3. Loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyed
4. Fatigue or loss of energy
5. Difficulty sleeping or sleeping too much
6. Changes in appetite, including overeating or under-eating
7. Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
8. Feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, guilt or helplessness
9. Thoughts of self-harm or suicide or harming the baby
10. Irritability, agitation or restlessness
11. Anxiety or panic attacks
12. Persistent physical symptoms, such as headaches, stomachaches, cramps or back pain
13. Difficulty bonding with the new baby or caring for the new baby
14. Feelings of detachment from one’s baby or lack of interest in caring for the baby

Not all women will experience the same symptoms, and some may experience symptoms that are not listed here. If you or someone you know is experiencing any of these symptoms, it’s important to seek help from Dr. Patel. She may ask you fill out a two-minute questionnaire while you wait for your appointment. It involves answering some questions about your symptoms. She will follow up with you and provide a referral to a mental health care professional if she deems it beneficial.

What are the treatments for perinatal depression?

Perinatal depression is a serious condition that can have negative consequences for both the mother and the child. Seeking treatment as soon as possible is important for managing the symptoms and preventing potential complications. There are effective treatments available, such as therapy, medication, and support groups that can help individuals manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life.

Dr. Patel is a kind and compassionate doctor ready to help you find the care and support you need to enjoy this very special time. If you are experiencing symptoms of perinatal depression, contact Dr. Dwaita Patel at her Manhattan office to schedule an appointment where you will learn more about how to manage your symptoms. Studies report that almost 90% of women with perinatal depression find success with drug and talk therapy.